What is gum disease?

Periodontal (gum) disease begins when bacteria (a sticky biofilm that forms on teeth) produce toxins that irritate the gums.  If the plaque is not removed daily through brushing and flossing, gum tissues may break down and become red, tender and likely to bleed. 

The early stages of periodontal disease is called gingivitis.  Gingivitis is treatable and reversible.  However, if it is left untreated, it may progress into a serious condition called chronic periodontitis, a bacterial infection in the pockets around teeth.  The bacteria and resulting tissue inflammation cause a breakdown of the gum tissue and bone, and eventually teeth become loose, fall out, or need to be removed. 

Two major health issues that are associated with chronic periodontitis are heart disease and diabetes.

Warning Signs of Gum Disease

Regular dental visits will help your dentist detect early signs of gum disease and suggested treatment options.  Warning signs are:

• Bleeding gums during toothbrushing and flossing
• Red, swollen and tender gums
• Persistent bad breath or unpleasant taste in mouth
• Gums that have receded or pulled away from your teeth
• Loose or separating teeth
• Pus between the tooth and gum
• A change in your bite

How healthy are your gums?

The American Academy of Periodontology developed a risk assessment test to determine how healthy your gums currently are and if you are at risk for having or developing periodontal (gum) disease.  If you have questions, please talk to your dentist or find a member dentist. 

Prevention Connection:  What can you do?

Prevention is key to maintaining good oral health and avoiding the risk of gum disease and other possible systemic conditions.  The following tips are suggested for regular preventive care:

• Brush your teeth twice a day.  Be sure to clean between teeth with floss or other type of interdental cleaner daily.
• Schedule regular dental checkups and cleanings.  Routine dental visits (twice a year or more) can detect early signs of gum disease and provide early treatment options.
• Eat a balanced diet and limit snacks that may contribute to tooth decay and gum disease.
• Tell your dentist about changes in your health.
• If you smoke, seek help with quitting.  Smoking can worsen gum problems.
• If you are diabetic, tell your dentist about your diabetes, medication(s) you take, whether you are insulin-dependent, and what your baseline sugar level is.
• If you are pregnant or thinking of becoming pregnant, pay particular attention to your oral hygiene.  Hormonal changes can exaggerate some dental problems.